Niba imipira yo kugurisha igaragara, irashobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere rusange yumuzungurukoikibaho.Imipira mito yo kugurisha ntabwo igaragara kandi irashobora kwimura ibice bitarenze ikimenyetso.Mubihe bibi cyane, imipira minini yo kugurisha irashobora kugwa hejuru kandi igabanya ubuziranenge bwibigize.Ikibabaje kurushaho, imipira imwe irashobora kuzungurukaku bindi bice byubuyobozi, biganisha ku ikabutura no gutwikwa.
Impamvu nke zituma imipira yabagurisha ibaho harimo:
Excess ubuhehere mubidukikije byubaka
Ubushuhe cyangwa ubushuhe kuri PCB
Amazi menshi cyane mugurisha paste
Ubushyuhe cyangwa igitutu ni kinini cyane mugihe cyo kugaruka
Guhanagura bidahagije no gusukura nyuma yo kugaruka
Solder paste ntabwo yateguwe bihagije
Inzira zo gukumira imipira yagurishijwe
Hamwe nimpamvu zitera imipira yabagurisha mubitekerezo, urashobora gukoresha tekinike ningamba zitandukanye mugihe cyo gukora kugirango ubirinde.Intambwe zimwe zifatika ni:
1. Kugabanya Ubushuhe bwa PCB
Ibikoresho fatizo bya PCB birashobora kugumana ubushuhe umaze kubishyira mubikorwa.Niba ikibaho gifite ubushuhe mugihe utangiye gusaba uwagurishije, imipira yo kugurisha irashobora kubaho.Mugukora ibishoboka byose kugirango ikibaho kitagira ubushuhe nkbirashoboka, uwabikoze arashobora kubabuza kubaho.
Bika PCB zose ahantu humye, nta soko riri hafi yubushuhe.Mbere yo gutanga umusaruro, genzura kuri buri kibaho ibimenyetso byerekana ubushyuhe, hanyuma ubumishe ukoresheje imyenda irwanya static.Wibuke ko ubushuhe bushobora gushirwa mumasaro.Guteka imbaho kuri dogere selisiyusi 120 mumasaha ane mbere yuko buri cyiciro cyumusaruro kizahumuka neza.
2. Hitamo neza Solder Paste
Ibintu bikoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa birashobora kandi kubyara imipira yabagurisha.Ibyuma byinshi hamwe na okiside yo hasi muri paste bigabanya amahirwe yo gukina imipira, nkuko ibicuruzwa byabacuruzi bikumira.kuva kugwa mugihe hashyushye.
Urashobora gukoresha flux kugirango ufashe gukumira okiside no koroshya isuku yimbaho nyuma yo kugurisha, ariko byinshi bizagutera gusenyuka.Hitamo paste yo kugurisha yujuje ibisabwa bikenewe kugirango ikibaho gikorwe, kandi amahirwe yo kugurisha imipira yo kugurisha azagabanuka cyane.
3. Shyushya PCB
Mugihe gahunda yo kugaruka itangiye, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burashobora gutera gushonga imburagihey'umugurisha muburyo bwo kuyitera umupira.Ibi biva mubitandukaniro rikomeye hagati yibibaho hamwe nitanura.
Kugira ngo wirinde ibi, shyushya imbaho kugirango zegeranye n'ubushyuhe bw'itanura.Ibi bizagabanya urwego rwimpinduka iyo ubushyuhe butangiye imbere, bituma umugurisha ashonga neza nta bushyuhe bukabije.
4. Ntucikwe na Mask ya Solder
Ibicuruzwa bigurishwa ni urwego ruto rwa polymer rushyirwa kumurongo wumuringa wumuzunguruko, kandi imipira yabagurisha irashobora gukora idafite.Menya neza ko ukoresha neza paste yuwagurishije kugirango wirinde icyuho kiri hagati yikimenyetso na padi, hanyuma urebe ko masike yagurishijwe ihari.
Urashobora kunoza iki gikorwa ukoresheje ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge kandi nanone mugabanya umuvuduko igipimo kibaho.Igipimo gishyushye gahoro cyemerera umugurisha gukwirakwira neza adasize umwanya kumipira.
5. Kugabanya Stress ya PCB
Amaganya ashyirwa ku kibaho iyo yashizwemo arashobora kurambura cyangwa guhuza ibimenyetso na padi.Umuvuduko mwinshi w'imbere hamwe na padi bizasunikwa bifunze;guhangayika cyane hanze kandi bazakururwa.
Iyo zifunguye cyane, uwagurishije azasunikwa hanze, kandi ntihazaba ihagije muri zo igihe zifunze.Menya neza ko ikibaho kitarambuwe cyangwa ngo kimenagurwe mbere y’umusaruro, kandi umubare utari wo w’umugurisha ntuzamuka.
6. Kugenzura inshuro ebyiri Umwanya wa Padiri
Niba amakariso ku kibaho ari ahantu hadakwiye cyangwa yegeranye cyane cyangwa kure cyane, ibi birashobora gutuma abagurisha bahuriza hamwe.Niba imipira yo kugurisha ikora iyo padi ishyizwe muburyo butari bwo, ibi byongera amahirwe yo kugwa no gutera ikabutura.
Menya neza ko gahunda zose zifite padi zashyizwe kumwanya mwiza kandi ko buri kibaho cyacapwe neza.Igihe cyose rero bagenda neza, ntihakagombye kubaho ikibazo nabo basohoka.
7. Komeza Ijisho Kwoza Stencil
Nyuma ya buri pasiporo, ugomba guhanagura neza paste yagurishijwe cyangwa flux kuri stencil.Niba udakomeje kugenzura ibirenze, bizashyikirizwa imbaho zizaza mugihe cyo gukora.Ibirenzeho bizaba isaro hejuru cyangwa udupapuro twinshi hanyuma dukore imipira.
Nibyiza koza amavuta arenze hamwe nugurisha kuri stencil nyuma yicyiciro cyose kugirango wirinde kwiyubaka.Nibyo, birashobora gutwara igihe, ariko nibyiza cyane guhagarika ikibazo mbere yuko gikomera.
Imipira igurishwa ni bane yumurongo uwo ariwo wose ukora.Ibibazo byabo biroroshye, ariko ibitera ni byinshi cyane.Kubwamahirwe, buri cyiciro cyibikorwa byo gukora gitanga uburyo bushya bwo kubabuza kubaho.
Reba neza umusaruro wawe hanyuma urebe aho ushobora gukoresha intambwe yavuzwe haruguru kugirango wirindekurema imipira yo kugurisha mubikorwa bya SMT.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-29-2023